The Bottled Water Myth: Health and Regulatory Gaps in India
While bottled water is often perceived as a safer alternative to municipal supplies, recent environmental research—highlighted by experts like Rohan Singh and Prof. Venkatesh Dutta—suggests a growing public health crisis. The shift from "occasional convenience" to "everyday necessity" has introduced significant risks that current Indian regulations are ill-equipped to handle.
The Emerging Threat: Microplastics and Leaching
Scientific studies across Nagpur, Mumbai, and Andhra Pradesh have detected microplastics (particles < 5mm) in every sampled brand of bottled water, with concentrations as high as 212 particles per litre. Beyond physical particles, chemical leaching is a major concern. Additives like phthalates and antimony migrate from plastic into the water, especially when bottles are exposed to India’s high temperatures or UV light during transport.
Regulatory and Environmental Gaps
The primary regulator, FSSAI, focuses on pathogens and short-term contaminants but lacks standards for microplastics or long-term cumulative exposure to plastic-derived chemicals. Furthermore, the industry is fragmented; thousands of small units operate with minimal oversight, depleting groundwater and contributing to a massive plastic waste crisis.
The Path Forward
Solving the crisis requires a shift from "misplaced trust" in plastic to systemic reform:
* Regulatory Updates: FSSAI and BIS must mandate testing for microplastics.
* Infrastructure: Strengthening municipal water systems to restore public trust.
* Consumer Habits: Promoting refill stations and point-of-use filtration to reduce single-use plastic dependency.
Model UPSC Questions
Mains (GS Paper III - Environment & Pollution)
> "The proliferation of bottled water in India reflects a failure of public infrastructure and poses a double-edged threat to human health and environmental sustainability." Critically analyze. (250 words)
>
Prelims (Environment/Science & Tech)
Q. With reference to 'Microplastics', consider the following statements:
* They are plastic particles smaller than five millimetres in size.
* Current FSSAI standards in India mandate the testing of microplastic levels in all packaged drinking water.
* Prolonged exposure to heat can accelerate the leaching of plasticizers into bottled water.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3
Source the hindu