CIVIL SERVICE INFO

This summary focuses on the technical, strategic, and operational aspects of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) system, tailored for UPSC Mains (Internal Security/Science & Tech) and Prelims. Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) The THAAD system is a premier U.S.-developed missile defense platform designed to counter ballistic missile threats during their final (terminal) stage of flight. 1. Key Technical Features  * "Hit-to-Kill" Technology: Unlike traditional systems that use explosive warheads, THAAD destroys targets through kinetic energy (direct physical collision).    * Significance: Increases precision and minimizes the risk of debris from explosive warheads affecting populated areas.  * Altitude Capability: It can intercept targets both inside (endo-atmospheric) and outside (exo-atmospheric) the Earth's atmosphere.  * Range: It engages targets at ranges of roughly 150–200 kilometers.  * AN/TPY-2 Radar: A high-resolution, X-ba...

UPSC Current Affairs: International Relations & Energy Security Article 1: Strategic Depth: The Indo-Canada Uranium Deal and Its Long-Term Impact Context: The recent conclusion of a major multi-billion dollar uranium supply agreement with Canada has significant implications for India's long-term energy security and foreign policy. This article breaks down the strategic value of the deal, its legal framework, and how it fits into the broader Indo-Canadian relationship. The Deal in Detail: India has signed a $2.6-billion Canadian deal with Cameco, one of the world's top three uranium producers. This deal ensures a stable, reliable supply of around 10,000 tonnes of uranium ore concentrates between 2027 and 2035. The Strategic "Why":  * Energy Security: India needs to diversify its energy mix, with nuclear power as a clean, base-load option. The goal is to scale up capacity from 9 GW to 100 GW by 2047.  * Fuel Deficit: India's domestic uranium ore is "low-gra...

The Strait of Hormuz is a critical global maritime chokepoint currently facing a near-total collapse in commercial traffic due to escalating tensions between Iran, Israel, and the U.S. Geopolitical Significance Located between Iran and Oman/UAE, the Strait connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman. It is the primary artery for oil and gas exports from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE. While international law favors "innocent passage," increasing insecurity and insurance premiums (up 10–15 times) have effectively deterred shipping. Impact on India India is particularly vulnerable due to its high import dependency:  * Crude Oil: Approximately 40% of India’s oil flows through this strait.  * LNG: Qatar supplies nearly half of India’s natural gas (LNG). A shutdown impacts power plants, industrial use, and 30% of fertilizer production.  * LPG: Roughly 60% of India’s cooking gas (LPG) imports are sourced from this region, posing a risk to domestic ...