CIVIL SERVICE INFO

tobacco control in India  tobacco control in India, based on the provided report. This is particularly relevant for UPSC General Studies Paper II (Health & Governance) and Paper III (Economy). Tobacco Control in India: The Taxation and Regulation Challenge Despite being the world’s second-largest consumer and producer of tobacco, India’s fiscal measures to curb consumption are currently falling short of international benchmarks. While taxes have risen, the "affordability" of tobacco products remains a significant hurdle in public health efforts. 1. The Current Taxation Gap The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that taxes should constitute at least 75% of the retail price of tobacco products to effectively deter consumption. In India:  * Cigarettes: Recent tax hikes account for only 53% of the retail price.  * Beedis: The GST rate on beedis—which are more prevalent than cigarettes—has been reduced to 18%.  * The Problem: Because tax increases ...

  the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram, a crown jewel of Pallava architecture a structured article tailored for UPSC Civil Services Examination (Art & Culture) preparation. Headline: Shore Temple: This 8th-Century Pallava Dynasty Shiva Temple is in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu  * Introduction : Located on the shores of the Bay of Bengal in Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram), the Shore Temple is one of India’s oldest and most historical temples. It is significant not just religiously, but as a priceless example of Indian architecture, maritime history, and cultural heritage. A breakwater has been built around it to protect it from sea waves.  * Historical Background: Construction took place in the 8th century (approx. 700–728 AD) during the reign of Pallava ruler Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha). During this era, Pallava rulers were taking Dravidian architecture to new heights. Mahabali was a major port city at the time, serving maritime trade.  * Religious Signifi...

            Source Dainik Bhaskar 

The challenges and significance of indigenous in India's aviation sector  This article, titled "Plane, Not Simple," provides a critical analysis of India's aviation landscape, highlighting the strategic necessity and challenges of indigenous aircraft manufacturing. It is highly relevant for UPSC subjects like Economy (Infrastructure, Indigenization of Technology) and Internal Security. ## Key Highlights for UPSC ### 1. The Strategic Deficit  * Military Needs: India faces dwindling fighter jet squadrons. While the procurement of 114 Rafale jets from France is a priority, it faces geopolitical hurdles.  * Geopolitical Risks (ITAR): The American acquisition of French supplier LMB Aerospace means Rafale sales could fall under US ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations). This could require US waivers for India to buy French platforms, highlighting the risks of dependency on foreign supply chains.  * Civilian Demand: India has an order book of over 2,00...

THE REGULATORY HURDLES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDIA This article by Gurcharan Das highlights the regulatory hurdles stifling India's economic growth and proposes "low-hanging fruit" reforms.  It is highly relevant for UPSC General Studies Paper II (Governance) and Paper III (Economy). Key Challenges Identified  * Regulatory Overload: Indian companies face a staggering 1,536 acts, 6,618 filings, and 69,233 compliances. Nearly half of these carry potential jail sentences, creating a climate of fear for MSMEs.  * Structural Issues: 45% of the workforce is still stuck in low-productivity agriculture; India’s share of global exports remains low (approx. 2%); and it attracts only 1.3% of global tourists.  * Competitive Disadvantage: High compliance costs and restrictive land/labour laws make India less attractive than Vietnam for companies moving out of China.  * Infrastructure & Policy Gaps: Lack of cold chain infrastructure leads to 1/3 of produce ro...

This article discusses a recent breakthrough by the ALICE collaboration at CERN regarding the formation of deuterons (nuclei of deuterium) in high-energy collisions. This research has significant implications for our understanding of cosmic rays and the search for dark matter. CERN’S ALICE Experiment: Insights into Deuteron Formation The Scientific Puzzle A deuteron consists of one proton and one neutron, bound together by very low energy. This makes them extremely fragile. In the high-energy environment of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), where particles collide at near-light speeds, physicists long wondered how such delicate nuclei could survive without being immediately torn apart. Key Mechanisms: Direct Emission vs. Coalescence Physicists proposed two main theories for deuteron formation:  * Direct Emission: Nuclei are produced directly from the "hot source" of the collision.  * Coalescence: Protons and neutrons are produced first and subsequently "stick...