This article provides a comprehensive overview of the rabies crisis in India, suitable for UPSC General Studies Paper II (Health/Governance) and Paper III (Science & Tech).
Rabies in India: A Public Health Crisis
India accounts for approximately one-third (20,000) of the 59,000 global rabies deaths annually, making it a severe public health challenge. Described as a "disease of the poor," it disproportionately impacts daily wage workers, waste collectors, and rural communities.
Key Challenges
* Accessibility and Affordability: While Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is vital, many patients face delays in treatment. High out-of-pocket expenses for Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG)—costing between ₹5,000 and ₹20,000—often push families into poverty or toward ineffective local remedies.
* Supply Chain Gaps: India faces a deficit in vaccine production; while 60 million doses are required annually, only 50 million are produced, with a significant portion exported. There is also a critical shortage of RIG.
* Stray Dog Management: With over 80 million free-roaming dogs, the "Catch-Neuter-Vaccinate-Release" strategy faces implementation hurdles and opposition from animal rights activists regarding its effectiveness and humanity.
Recent Developments
* Scientific Advancement: India has recently produced two novel Rabies Monoclonal Antibodies (RmAbs). These are cheaper than human RIG and currently undergoing pharmacovigilance for inclusion in national guidelines.
* Judicial Intervention: In November 2025, the Supreme Court directed States to remove stray dogs from public spaces like schools and hospitals to ensure public safety.
Way Forward
Adopting a "One Health" approach is essential. This includes increasing public awareness about immediate wound washing, ensuring the availability of indigenous drugs, and implementing robust sterilization and vaccination programs for the canine population.
SOURCE THE HINDU